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Natural protein crystals (polyhedra) armour certain viruses, allowing them to survive for years under hostile conditions. We have determined the structure of polyhedra of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), revealing a highly symmetrical covalently cross-braced robust lattice, the subunits of which possess a flexible adaptor enabling this supra-molecular assembly to specifically entrap massive baculoviruses. Inter-subunit chemical switches modulate the controlled release of virus particles in the unusual high pH environment of the target insect's gut. Surprisingly, the polyhedrin subunits are more similar to picornavirus coat proteins than to the polyhedrin of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). It is, therefore, remarkable that both AcMNPV and CPV polyhedra possess identical crystal lattices and crystal symmetry. This crystalline arrangement must be particularly well suited to the functional requirements of the polyhedra and has been either preserved or re-selected during evolution. The use of flexible adaptors to generate a powerful system for packaging irregular particles is characteristic of the AcMNPV polyhedrin and may provide a vehicle to sequester a wide range of objects such as biological nano-particles.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/emboj.2009.352

Type

Journal article

Journal

EMBO J

Publication Date

20/01/2010

Volume

29

Pages

505 - 514

Keywords

Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Baculoviridae, Capsid Proteins, Cell Line, Crystallography, X-Ray, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Picornaviridae, Protein Conformation, Protein Multimerization, Reoviridae, Sequence Alignment, Viral Structural Proteins